> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://docs.apryse.com/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://docs.apryse.com/web/spreadsheet-editor/formulas.md).

# Spreadsheet Editor Formulas

Apryse Spreadsheet Editor delivers Excel-like XLSX editing in the browser, including support for common formulas. Programmatically edit using Spreadsheet Editor code samples.

{% hint style="info" %}
**Requirements**

*These packages are required to use these features in production. Trial keys have unlimited access to all features*

<a href="/web/get-started/readme.md" class="button primary">Web SDK</a><a href="https://apryse.com/capabilities#SpreadsheetEditor" class="button primary">Package: Spreadsheet Editor</a><a href="https://showcase.apryse.com/spreadsheet-editor" class="button primary">Live demo</a>
{% endhint %}

Formulas are expressions that calculate values in cells. Supported formulas and functions in Spreadsheet Editor are consistent with Excel, including:

* Standard mathematical operations
* Statistical calculations
* Date/time functions
* Other common formulas

For examples of how to programmatically use formulas, see the Edit Mode guide's [Formula Bar section](/web/spreadsheet-editor/edit-mode.md#formula-bar).

The following formulas are supported:

| Formula          | Description                                                                                                |
| ---------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| ABS              | Absolute value of a number.                                                                                |
| ACOS             | Inverse cosine of a value, in radians.                                                                     |
| ACOSH            | Inverse hyperbolic cosine of a number.                                                                     |
| ADDRESS          | Cell reference as a string.                                                                                |
| AND              | Logical `and` operator.                                                                                    |
| ARABIC           | Computes the value of a Roman numeral.                                                                     |
| ASIN             | Inverse sine of a value, in radians.                                                                       |
| ASINH            | Inverse hyperbolic sine of a number.                                                                       |
| ATAN             | Inverse tangent of a value, in radians.                                                                    |
| ATAN2            | Arctangent of a value.                                                                                     |
| ATANH            | Inverse hyperbolic tangent of a number.                                                                    |
| AVERAGE          | Numerical average value in a dataset, ignoring text.                                                       |
| AVERAGEIF        | Average of values depending on criteria.                                                                   |
| AVERAGEIFS       | Average of values depending on multiple criteria.                                                          |
| BIN2DEC          | Converts a signed binary number to decimal format.                                                         |
| BIN2HEX          | Converts a binary number to hexadecimal.                                                                   |
| BIN2OCT          | Converts a binary number to octal.                                                                         |
| BINOM\_DIST      | Binomial distribution probability.                                                                         |
| CEILING          | Rounds number up to nearest multiple of a factor.                                                          |
| CELL             | Gets information about a cell.                                                                             |
| CHAR             | Gets character associated with number.                                                                     |
| CHOOSE           | An element from a list of choices based on index.                                                          |
| CLEAN            | Removes non-printable characters from a piece of text.                                                     |
| CODE             | Numeric unicode map value of character.                                                                    |
| COLUMN           | Column number of a specified cell.                                                                         |
| COLUMNS          | Number of columns in a specified array or range.                                                           |
| COMBIN           | Number of combinations from a set of objects.                                                              |
| COMPLEX          | Creates a complex number.                                                                                  |
| CONCAT           | Concatenation of two values.                                                                               |
| CONCATENATE      | Appends strings to one another.                                                                            |
| CONVERT          | Unit conversion for numbers.                                                                               |
| COS              | Cosine of an angle provided in radians.                                                                    |
| COSH             | Hyperbolic cosine of any real number.                                                                      |
| COUNT            | The number of numeric values in dataset.                                                                   |
| COUNTA           | The number of values in a dataset.                                                                         |
| COUNTBLANK       | Number of empty values.                                                                                    |
| COUNTIF          | A conditional count across a range.                                                                        |
| COUNTIFS         | Count values depending on multiple criteria.                                                               |
| COUNTUNIQUE      | Counts number of unique values in a range.                                                                 |
| COUPDAYBS        | Number of days from first coupon to settlement.                                                            |
| COUPDAYS         | Days in coupon period containing settlement date.                                                          |
| COUPNUM          | Number of coupons between settlement and maturity.                                                         |
| CUMIPMT          | Cumulative interest paid over a set of periods.                                                            |
| CUMPRINC         | Cumulative principal paid over a set of periods.                                                           |
| DATE             | Converts year/month/day into a date.                                                                       |
| DATEDIF          | Date difference.                                                                                           |
| DATEVALUE        | Converts a date string to a date value.                                                                    |
| DAVERAGE         | Average of a set of values from a table-like range.                                                        |
| DAY              | Day of the month that a specific date falls on.                                                            |
| DAYS             | Number of days between two dates.                                                                          |
| DAYS360          | Days between two dates on a 360-day year.                                                                  |
| DB               | Depreciation via declining balance method.                                                                 |
| DCOUNT           | Counts values from a table-like range.                                                                     |
| DCOUNTA          | Counts values and text from a table-like range.                                                            |
| DDB              | Depreciation via double-declining balance method.                                                          |
| DEGREES          | Converts an angle value in radians to degrees.                                                             |
| DELTA            | Compare two numeric values.                                                                                |
| DEVSQ            | The sum of squares of deviations based on a sample.                                                        |
| DGET             | Single value from a table-like range.                                                                      |
| DISC             | The discount rate of a security based on price.                                                            |
| DISCRETESPLINES  | Generate sparklines discrete graph.                                                                        |
| DMAX             | Maximum of values from a table-like range.                                                                 |
| DMIN             | Minimum of values from a table-like range.                                                                 |
| DOLLAR           | Formats a number as currency specific to your spreadsheet locale.                                          |
| DOLLARDE         | Converts a decimal fraction to decimal value.                                                              |
| DOLLARFR         | Converts a decimal value to decimal fraction.                                                              |
| DPRODUCT         | Product of values from a table-like range.                                                                 |
| DSTDEV           | Standard deviation of population sample from table.                                                        |
| DSTDEVP          | Standard deviation of entire population from table.                                                        |
| DSUM             | Sum of values from a table-like range.                                                                     |
| DURATION         | Number of periods for an investment to reach a value.                                                      |
| DVAR             | Variance of population sample from table-like range.                                                       |
| DVARP            | Variance of a population from a table-like range.                                                          |
| EDATE            | Date a number of months before/after another date.                                                         |
| EFFECT           | Annual effective interest rate.                                                                            |
| EOMONTH          | Last day of a month before or after a date.                                                                |
| ERFC             | Complementary gauss error function of a value.                                                             |
| EVEN             | Rounds a number up to the nearest even integer.                                                            |
| EXACT            | Tests whether two strings are identical.                                                                   |
| EXP              | Euler's number, e (\~2.718) raised to a power.                                                             |
| FACT             | Factorial of a number.                                                                                     |
| FACTDOUBLE       | "double factorial" of a number.                                                                            |
| FALSE            | Logical value `false`.                                                                                     |
| FILTER           | Filters a range based off provided conditions.                                                             |
| FIND             | First position of string found in text, case-sensitive.                                                    |
| FINDB            | Position at which a string is first found within text (binary).                                            |
| FISHER           | Fisher transformation of a specified value.                                                                |
| FISHERINV        | Inverse fisher transformation of a specified value.                                                        |
| FIXED            | Formats number with fixed number of decimal places.                                                        |
| FORECAST         | Expected y-value based of linear regression.                                                               |
| FREQUENCY        | The frequency distribution of array.                                                                       |
| FV               | Future value of an annuity investment.                                                                     |
| FVSCHEDULE       | Future value of principal from series of rates.                                                            |
| GAMMALN          | Logarithm of gamma function.                                                                               |
| GCD              | Greatest common divisor of one or more integers.                                                           |
| GEOMEAN          | The geometric mean of a dataset.                                                                           |
| GETPIVOTDATA     | Extracts an aggregated value from a pivot table that corresponds to the specified row and column headings. |
| GROWTH           | Fits points to exponential growth trend.                                                                   |
| HARMEAN          | The harmonic mean of a dataset.                                                                            |
| HEX2BIN          | Converts a hexadecimal number to binary.                                                                   |
| HEX2DEC          | Converts a hexadecimal number to decimal.                                                                  |
| HEX2OCT          | Converts a hexadecimal number to octal.                                                                    |
| HLOOKUP          | Horizontal lookup                                                                                          |
| HOUR             | Hour component of a specific time.                                                                         |
| HYPGEOMDIST      | Hypergeometric distribution probability.                                                                   |
| IF               | Returns value depending on logical expression.                                                             |
| IFERROR          | Value if it is not an error, otherwise 2nd argument.                                                       |
| IMABS            | The absolute value of a complex number.                                                                    |
| IMAGINARY        | The imaginary coefficient of a complex number.                                                             |
| IMCONJUGATE      | The complex conjugate of a number.                                                                         |
| IMDIV            | One complex number divided by another.                                                                     |
| IMPRODUCT        | Result of multiplying a series of complex numbers together.                                                |
| IMREAL           | The real coefficient of a complex number.                                                                  |
| IMSUB            | The difference between two complex numbers.                                                                |
| IMSUM            | Sum of a series of complex numbers.                                                                        |
| INDEX            | Content of cell specified by row and column offset.                                                        |
| INDIRECT         | A cell reference specified by a string.                                                                    |
| INT              | Rounds number down to nearest integer.                                                                     |
| INTRATE          | Calculates effective interest rate.                                                                        |
| IPMT             | Payment on interest for an investment.                                                                     |
| IRR              | Internal rate of return given periodic cashflows.                                                          |
| ISBLANK          | Whether the referenced cell is empty.                                                                      |
| ISDATE           | Whether a value is a date.                                                                                 |
| ISERR            | Whether a value is an error other than `#n/a`.                                                             |
| ISERROR          | Whether a value is an error.                                                                               |
| ISEVEN           | Whether the provided value is even.                                                                        |
| ISFORMULA        | Whether a value is a formula.                                                                              |
| ISLOGICAL        | Whether a value is `true` or `false`.                                                                      |
| ISNA             | Whether a value is the error `#n/a`.                                                                       |
| ISNONTEXT        | Whether a value is non-textual.                                                                            |
| ISNUMBER         | Whether a value is a number.                                                                               |
| ISODD            | Whether the provided value is odd.                                                                         |
| ISOWEEKNUM       | ISO week number of the year.                                                                               |
| ISREF            | Whether a value is a valid cell reference.                                                                 |
| ISTEXT           | Whether a value is text.                                                                                   |
| JOIN             | Concatenates elements of arrays with delimiter.                                                            |
| KURT             | Kurtosis of a dataset.                                                                                     |
| LARGE            | Nth largest element from a data set.                                                                       |
| LCM              | Least common multiple of one or more integers.                                                             |
| LEFT             | Substring from beginning of specified string.                                                              |
| LEN              | Length of a string.                                                                                        |
| LENB             | Length of a string in bytes.                                                                               |
| LINEST           | Best-fit linear trend via least-squares.                                                                   |
| LN               | The logarithm of a number, base e (euler's number).                                                        |
| LOG              | The logarithm of a number with respect to a base.                                                          |
| LOG10            | The logarithm of a number, base 10.                                                                        |
| LOGEST           | Best-fit exponential growth curve.                                                                         |
| LOOKUP           | Look up a value.                                                                                           |
| LOWER            | Converts a specified string to lowercase.                                                                  |
| MATCH            | Position of item in range that matches value.                                                              |
| MAX              | Maximum value in a numeric dataset.                                                                        |
| MAXA             | Maximum numeric value in a dataset.                                                                        |
| MDETERM          | Matrix determinant of a square matrix.                                                                     |
| MDURATION        | Modified Macaulay duration.                                                                                |
| MEDIAN           | Median value in a numeric dataset.                                                                         |
| MIN              | Minimum value in a numeric dataset.                                                                        |
| MINA             | Minimum numeric value in a dataset.                                                                        |
| MINUTE           | Minute component of a specific time.                                                                       |
| MINVERSE         | Multiplicative inverse of square matrix.                                                                   |
| MIRR             | Modified internal rate of return.                                                                          |
| MMULT            | The matrix product of two matrices.                                                                        |
| MOD              | Modulo (remainder) operator.                                                                               |
| MONTH            | Month of the year a specific date falls in.                                                                |
| MROUND           | Rounds a number to the nearest integer multiple.                                                           |
| MULTINOMIAL      | Multinomial distribution function.                                                                         |
| N                | Argument provided as a number.                                                                             |
| NA               | The `#N/A` error.                                                                                          |
| NETWORKDAYS      | Net working days between two provided days.                                                                |
| NOMINAL          | Annual nominal interest rate.                                                                              |
| NOT              | Returns opposite of provided logical value.                                                                |
| NOW              | Current date and time as a date value.                                                                     |
| NPER             | Number of payment periods for an investment.                                                               |
| NPV              | The net present value of an investment based on a series of periodic cash flows and a discount rate.       |
| OCT2BIN          | Converts an octal number to binary.                                                                        |
| OCT2DEC          | Converts a signed octal number to decimal format.                                                          |
| OCT2HEX          | Converts an octal number to hexadecimal.                                                                   |
| ODD              | Rounds a number up to the nearest odd integer.                                                             |
| OFFSET           | A range reference offset relative to a cell.                                                               |
| OR               | Logical `or` operator.                                                                                     |
| PEARSON          | Pearson Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient.                                                            |
| PERCENTRANK\_INC | Percentage rank (percentile) from 0 to 1 inclusive.                                                        |
| PERMUT           | Number of permutations from a number of objects.                                                           |
| PI               | The number pi.                                                                                             |
| PMT              | Periodic payment for an annuity investment.                                                                |
| POWER            | A number raised to a power.                                                                                |
| PRICE            | Price of a security paying periodic interest.                                                              |
| PRICEDISC        | Price of a discount security.                                                                              |
| PRICEMAT         | Price of security paying interest at maturity.                                                             |
| PROB             | Probability values lie in a range.                                                                         |
| PRODUCT          | Result of multiplying a series of numbers together.                                                        |
| PROPER           | Capitalizes each word in a specified string.                                                               |
| PV               | Present value of an annuity investment.                                                                    |
| QUOTIENT         | One number divided by another.                                                                             |
| RADIANS          | Converts an angle value in degrees to radians.                                                             |
| RAND             | A random number between 0 inclusive and 1 exclusive.                                                       |
| RANDARRAY        | Returns a grid of random numbers.                                                                          |
| RANDBETWEEN      | Random integer between two values, inclusive.                                                              |
| RATE             | Interest rate of an annuity investment.                                                                    |
| RECEIVED         | Amount received at maturity for a security.                                                                |
| REGEXEXTRACT     | Extracts matching substrings with regular expression.                                                      |
| REGEXMATCH       | Whether a piece of text matches regular expression.                                                        |
| REGEXREPLACE     | Replaces text with regular expressions.                                                                    |
| REPLACE          | Replaces part of a text string with different text.                                                        |
| REPT             | Specified text repeated a number of times.                                                                 |
| RIGHT            | A substring from the end of a specified string.                                                            |
| ROMAN            | Formats a number in Roman numerals.                                                                        |
| ROUND            | Rounds a number according to standard rules.                                                               |
| ROUNDDOWN        | Rounds down a number.                                                                                      |
| ROUNDUP          | Rounds up a number.                                                                                        |
| ROW              | Row number of a specified cell.                                                                            |
| ROWS             | Number of rows in a specified array or range.                                                              |
| RSQ              | Square of the correlation coefficient.                                                                     |
| SEARCH           | First position of string found in text, ignoring case.                                                     |
| SECOND           | Second component of a specific time.                                                                       |
| SEQUENCE         | Returns a grid of sequential numbers.                                                                      |
| SERIASESSUM      | Sum of a power series.                                                                                     |
| SIGN             | Sign of a provided number (+/-/0).                                                                         |
| SIN              | Sine of an angle provided in radians.                                                                      |
| SINH             | Hyperbolic sine of any real number.                                                                        |
| SKEW             | Skewness of a dataset.                                                                                     |
| SLN              | Depreciation of asset using the straight-line method.                                                      |
| SLOPE            | Slope of line from linear regression of data.                                                              |
| SMALL            | Nth smallest element in a data set.                                                                        |
| SORT             | Sorts rows of range by specified column.                                                                   |
| SQRT             | Positive square root of a positive number.                                                                 |
| SQRTPI           | Square root of the product of pi and number.                                                               |
| STANDARDIZE      | Normalized equivalent of a random variable.                                                                |
| STDEVA           | Standard deviation of sample (text as 0).                                                                  |
| STDEVP           | Standard deviation of an entire population.                                                                |
| STEYX            | Standard error of predicted y-values in regression.                                                        |
| SUBSTITUTE       | Replaces existing text with new text in a string.                                                          |
| SUBTOTAL         | Subtotal for a range using a specific function.                                                            |
| SUM              | Sum of a series of numbers and/or cells.                                                                   |
| SUMIF            | A conditional sum across a range.                                                                          |
| SUMIFS           | Sums a range depending on multiple criteria.                                                               |
| SUMPRODUCT       | Sum of products of elements in two arrays.                                                                 |
| SUMSQ            | Sum of squares.                                                                                            |
| SUMX2MY2         | Sum of the differences of squares.                                                                         |
| SUMX2PY2         | Sum of the sums of squares.                                                                                |
| SUMXMY2          | Sum of the squares of differences.                                                                         |
| T                | String arguments as text.                                                                                  |
| TAN              | Tangent of an angle provided in radians.                                                                   |
| TANH             | Hyperbolic tangent of any real number.                                                                     |
| TBILLEQ          | Equivalent rate of return for a Treasury bill.                                                             |
| TBILLPRICE       | Price of US treasury bill.                                                                                 |
| TBILLYIELD       | The yield of a US treasury bill based on price.                                                            |
| TEXT             | Formats a number into text.                                                                                |
| TIME             | Converts hour/minute/second into a time.                                                                   |
| TIMEVALUE        | onverts a time string into its serial number representation.                                               |
| TO\_DATE         | Converts a provided number to a date.                                                                      |
| TO\_DOLLARS      | Converts a provided number to a dollar value.                                                              |
| TO\_PERCENT      | Converts a provided number to a percentage.                                                                |
| TO\_PURE\_NUMBER | Converts any numeric value to a pure number.                                                               |
| TO\_TEXT         | Converts a provided numeric value to a text value.                                                         |
| TODAY            | Current date as a date value.                                                                              |
| TRANSPOSE        | Transposes the rows and columns of an array.                                                               |
| TREND            | Fits points to linear trend derived via least-squares.                                                     |
| TRIM             | Removes space characters.                                                                                  |
| TRIMMEAN         | Mean of a dataset excluding high/low ends.                                                                 |
| TRUE             | Logical value `true`.                                                                                      |
| TRUNC            | Truncates a number.                                                                                        |
| TYPE             | Get the type of a value.                                                                                   |
| UNIQUE           | Unique rows in the provided source range.                                                                  |
| UPPER            | Converts a specified string to uppercase.                                                                  |
| VALUE            | Converts a date/time/number string into a number.                                                          |
| VARA             | Variance of sample (text as 0).                                                                            |
| VARPA            | Variance of entire population (text as 0).                                                                 |
| VLOOKUP          | Vertical lookup.                                                                                           |
| WEEKDAY          | Day of the week of the date provided (as number).                                                          |
| WEEKNUM          | Week number of the year.                                                                                   |
| WORKDAY          | Number of working days from start date.                                                                    |
| XIRR             | Internal rate of return given non-periodic cashflows.                                                      |
| XNPV             | Net present value given non-periodic cashflows.                                                            |
| YEAR             | Year specified by a given date.                                                                            |
| YEARFRAC         | Exact number of years between two dates.                                                                   |
| YIELD            | Annual yield of a security paying periodic interest.                                                       |
| YIELDDISC        | Annual yield of a discount security.                                                                       |


---

# Agent Instructions
This documentation is published with GitBook. GitBook is the documentation platform designed so that both humans and AI agents can read, navigate, and reason over technical content effectively. Learn more at gitbook.com.

## Querying This Documentation
If you need additional information that is not directly available in this page, you can query the documentation dynamically by asking a question.

Perform an HTTP GET request on the current page URL with the `ask` query parameter, and the optional `goal` query parameter:

```
GET https://docs.apryse.com/web/spreadsheet-editor/formulas.md?ask=<question>&goal=<endgoal>
```

`ask` is the immediate question: it should be specific, self-contained, and written in natural language.
`goal` is optional and describes the broader end goal you are ultimately trying to accomplish on behalf of the user. GitBook uses it to tailor the answer towards what is most useful for that goal.

The response will contain a direct answer to the question and relevant excerpts and sources from the documentation.

Use this mechanism when the answer is not explicitly present in the current page, you need clarification or additional context, or you want to retrieve related documentation sections.